1. Nā waiwai mīkini o ke kila
1. Ke kiko hua (σs)
Ke hohola ʻia ke kila a i ʻole ka laʻana, ke ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka palena elastic, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole e piʻi ke koʻikoʻi, ke hoʻomau nei ke kila a i ʻole ka laʻana i ka deformation plastik maopopo. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana, a ʻo ke koʻikoʻi haʻahaʻa loa i ka wā e hāʻawi ai ʻo ia no ka helu hua. E lilo ka Ps i ka ikaika o waho ma ke kiko hua s, a o Fo ka apana kea o ka laana, alaila, ke kiko hua σs =Ps/Fo(MPa).
2. Ka ikaika hua (σ0.2)
ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia ka helu hua o kekahi mau mea metala, a paʻakikī ke ana ʻana. No laila, no ke ana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona hua o ka mea, ʻo ke koʻikoʻi i ka wā e like ai ka deformation plastic residual mau i kahi waiwai (maʻamau 0.2% o ka lōʻihi kumu), i kapa ʻia ke kūlana. Ka ikaika hāʻawi a i ʻole ka hāʻawi wale ʻana i ka ikaika σ0.2.
3. Ka ikaika uʻi (σb)
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i loaʻa e ka mea mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka manawa o ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana. Hōʻike ia i ka hiki o ke kila ke pale i ka haki. E pili ana i ka ikaika tensile, ʻo ia ka ikaika compressive, ka ikaika flexural, etc. E hoʻokuʻu iā Pb ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa i hiki ma mua o ka haki ʻana o ka mea, a ʻo Fo ka ʻāpana cross-sectional o ka hāpana, a laila ka ikaika tensile σb=Pb/Fo (MPa). ).
4. Elongation (δs)
Ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka mea, ua kapa ʻia ka pākēneka o kāna elongation plastic i ka lōʻihi o ka hāpana kumu mua.
5. Lakiō hua (σs/σb)
ʻO ka lakio o ka helu hua (ka ikaika hua) o ke kila i ka ikaika tensile i kapa ʻia ʻo ka yield ratio. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ratio hua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi o nā ʻāpana hana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo 0.6-0.65 ka hopena o ke kila kalapona, ʻo ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he 0.65-0.75, a ʻo ke kila kila kila he 0.84-0.86.
6. Oolea
Hōʻike ka paʻakikī i ka hiki i kahi mea ke pale aku i ke kaomi ʻana i kahi mea paʻakikī i kona ʻili. ʻO ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona hana nui o nā mea metala. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻailona paʻakikī maʻamau ʻo Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness a me Vickers hardness.
1) ʻO Brinell paakiki (HB)
E kaomi i ka pōpō kila paʻakikī o kekahi nui (maʻamau 10mm ke anawaena) i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea me kahi ukana (maʻamau 3000kg) a mālama iā ia no kekahi manawa. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka ukana, ʻo ka lakio o ka ukana i ka ʻāpana indentation ka waiwai paʻakikī Brinell (HB).
2) ʻO ka paʻakikī o Rockwell (HR)
Ke liʻiliʻi loa ka HB>450 a i ʻole ka hāpana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Brinell a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ana paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell. Hoʻohana ia i ka cone daimana me kahi kihi vertex o 120 ° a i ʻole he pōpō kila me ke anawaena o 1.59mm a me 3.18mm e kaomi i ka ʻili o ka mea e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma lalo o kekahi ukana, a loaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka mea mai. ka hohonu o ka indentation. E like me ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ʻekolu mau unahi like ʻole:
HRA: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana 60kg a me kahi indenter cone daimana, a hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (e like me ka carbide cemented, etc.).
HRB: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana 100kg a me ka pōlele kila paʻakikī me ke anawaena o 1.58mm. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa (e like me ke kila annealed, hao hao, etc.).
HRC: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana 150kg a me ka indenter cone daimana, a hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kila paʻakikī, etc.).
3) ʻO ka paʻakikī o Vickers (HV)
E hoʻohana i ka indenter cone diamond square me ka haʻawe o lalo o 120kg a me kahi kihi vertex o 136° e kaomi i ka ʻili o ka mea, a e puʻunaue i ka ʻili o ka lua indentation me ka waiwai ukana e loaʻa ai ka waiwai paʻakikī Vickers (HV). ).
2. ʻO nā metala ferrous a me nā mea hao ʻole
1. Metala hao
E pili ana i ka huila o ka hao a me ka hao. E like me ke kila, ka hao puaʻa, ka ferroalloy, ka hao, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hao puaʻa e pili ana i ka huahana i hana ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hao hao i loko o ka umu ahi, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana kila a me ka hoʻolei ʻana.
Hoʻoheʻe ʻia ka hao puaʻa i loko o ka umu hoʻoheheʻe hao e loaʻa ai ka hao (ka hao hao-carbon alloy me kahi kalapona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2.11%), a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka wai hoʻolei i ka hao, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hao.
ʻO Ferroalloy kahi huila i haku ʻia me ka hao, silika, manganese, chromium, titanium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO Ferroalloy kekahi o nā mea maka no ka hana kila. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he deoxidizer a me ka mea hoʻohui mea hoʻohui no ke kila i ka wā o ka hana kila.
Ua kapaʻia nā'āpana hao-carbon me kahi kalapona ma lalo o 2.11% i kapaʻia he kila, a loaʻa ke kila ma ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka hao puaʻa no ka hana kila i loko o ka umu ahi a hoʻoheheʻeʻia e like me kekahi kaʻina hana. Loaʻa nā huahana kila i nā ʻāpana kila, nā papa hoʻolei hoʻomau a me ka hoʻolei pololei ʻana i nā ʻano kila like ʻole. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pili ke kila i ke kila i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o nā huahana kila like ʻole.
2. Nā metala non-ferrous
ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo ia me nā metala non-ferrous, pili ia i nā metala a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā metala ferrous, e like me ke keleawe, ke tin, ke kēpau, zinc, aluminika, a me ke keleawe, ke keleawe, nā alumini alumini, a me nā alloys amo. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ka chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, etc. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau metala e like me nā mea hoʻohui alloy e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā metala. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, etc. e hana i nā pahi. paʻa paʻa. ʻO nā metala non-ferrous ma luna nei ua kapa ʻia nā metala ʻoihana, ma kahi o nā metala makamae: platinum, gula, kālā, etc.
3. Hoʻokaʻawale i ke kila
Ma waho aʻe o ka hao a me ke kalapona, ʻo nā mea nui o ke kila he silicon, manganese, sulfur a me ka phosphorus.
Aia nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike like ʻole o ke kila, a penei nā ʻano kumu nui.
1. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka maikaʻi
(1) Ke kila maʻamau (P≤0.045%, S≤0.050%)
(2) Ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (ʻo P a me S≤0.035%)
(3) Ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%)
2. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka haku melemele
(1) Ke kila kalapona: a. Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (C≤0.25%); b. Ke kila kalapona waena (C≤0.25～0.60%); c. Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe (C≤0.60%).
(2) Ke kila kila: a. ʻO ke kila kila haʻahaʻa (ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohuiʻia ≤ 5%); b. ʻO ke kila kila waena (ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohuihuiʻia> 5-10%); c. ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohuihui ʻia > 10% %).
3. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano hana
(1) kila forged; (2) hoolei kila; (3) ke kila wela; (4) kila huki anu.
4. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke ʻano metallographic
(1) Mokuʻāina Annealed: a. kila hypoeutectoid (ferrite + pearlite); b. ke kila eutectoid (pearlite); c. ke kila hypereutectoid (pearlite + cementite); d. Ke kila uʻi (pearlite + cementite).
(2) Kūlana maʻamau: a. kila momi; b. kila bainite; c. kila martensitic; d. kila austenitic.
(3) ʻAʻohe hoʻololi ʻāpana a i ʻole hoʻololi ʻāpana ʻāpana
5. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke kumu
(1) Ke kila no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka ʻenekinia: a. ʻO ke kila kalapona maʻamau; b. Ke kila kila haʻahaʻa; c. kila hoʻoikaika ʻia.
(2) Ke kila kila:
a. Ke kila no ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini: (a) Ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻonā ʻia; (b) Ke kila hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka ʻili: me ke kila carburizing, ke kila ammoniated, a me ke kila paʻakikī o ka ʻili; (c) ʻO ke kila kila maʻalahi; (d) ʻO ke kila kila no ka hana ʻana: me ke kila no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ke kila no ke poʻo anu.
b. Ke kila puna
c. Hapai kila
(3) Mea kila: a. kila kila kila; b. mea kila kila; c. kila mea paahana kiʻekiʻe.
(4) Ke kila hana kūikawā: a. Ke kila ʻakika-kūʻole; b. Ke kila pale wela: me ke kila anti-oxidation, ke kila ikaika wela, ke kila valve; c. Ke kila hoʻomehana uila; d. Ke kila pale lole; e. Ke kila wela haʻahaʻa; f. Ke kila uila.
(5) Ke kila no ka hoʻohana 'oihana-e like me ke kila no nā alahaka, ke kila no nā moku, ke kila no nā paila, ke kila no nā moku kaomi, ke kila no nā mīkini mahiʻai, etc.
6. Hoʻohui piha
(1) Ke kila maʻamau
a. Ke kila kila kila: (a) Q195; (b) Q215 (A, B); (c) Q235 (A, B, C); (d) Q255 (A, B); (e) Q275.
b. Ke kila kila haʻahaʻa
c. Ke kila kila maʻamau no nā kumu kikoʻī
(2) Ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe)
a. Ke kila kila: (a) kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe; (b) ke kila kila; (c) puna kila; (d) ke kila ʻoki manuahi; (e) lawe kila; (f) kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe structural kila no nā kumu kiko'ī.
b. Mea kila: (a) kalapona mea hao; (b) mea hao hao hao; (c) kila mea hana kiʻekiʻe.
c. Ke kila hana kūikawā: (a) kila kuhiliʻole waika; (b) kila pale wela; (c) ke kila hoʻomehana uila; (d) kila uila; (e) ke kila aahu-kūpono manganese kiʻekiʻe.
7. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe
(1) E like me ke ʻano o ka umu ahi
a. Ke kila hoʻololi: (a) kila hoʻololi acidic; (b) kila hoʻololi kumu. A i ʻole (a) hao hoʻololi i lalo; (b) ʻaoʻao hoʻololi kila; (c) ke kila hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe.
b. Ke kila kapuahi uila: (a) uila kapuahi kila; (b) ke kila umu ahi electroslag; (c) ke kila kapuahi induction; (d) ke kila umu ahi hoʻopau ʻia; (e) ka ipu hao hao kila.
(2) E like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka deoxidation a me ka ninini ʻōnaehana
a. Ke kila paila; b. Semi-pepehi kila; c. Killed steel; d. Ke kila make kūikawā.
4. Nānā i nā ʻano hana hōʻike kila kila o koʻu ʻāina
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hōʻailona o ka papa huahana e ka hui pū ʻana o nā leka pinyin Kina, nā hōʻailona mea kemika a me nā helu Arabic. I kēia manawa:
①Ke hōʻike ʻia nei nā mea kemika i nā māka kila e nā hōʻailona kemika honua, e like me Si, Mn, Cr…etc. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻohui honua laha ʻole e "RE" (a i ʻole "Xt").
②ʻO ka inoa huahana, ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka ninini ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ʻia e nā leka pōkole o ka Pinyin Kina.
③Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka ʻikena mea kemika nui (%) i ke kila e nā helu ʻArabia.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka huapalapala phonetic Kina e hōʻike i ka inoa huahana, ka hoʻohana ʻana, nā ʻano a me nā kaʻina hana, koho ʻia ka leka mua mai ka huaʻōlelo phonetic Kina e hōʻike ana i ka inoa huahana. Ke hana hou ʻia me ka leka i koho ʻia e kekahi huahana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka leka ʻelua a i ʻole ke kolu o ka leka, a i ʻole hiki ke koho ʻia ka leka pinyin mua o nā huaʻōlelo Kina ʻelua i ka manawa like.
Inā ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo Kina a me ka pinyin i loaʻa i kēia manawa, ʻo nā hōʻailona i hoʻohana ʻia he mau leka Pelekane.
ʻElima, ka māhele ʻana o ke ʻano hōʻikeʻike o nā māka kila ma koʻu ʻāina
1. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kila kila a me ke kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke kila i hoʻohanaʻia ma luna nei ua māhele pinepineʻia iʻelua mauʻano: ke kila maʻamau a me ke kila kūikawā. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka papa i haku ʻia me nā leka pinyin Kina o ka helu hua a i ʻole ka ikaika o ke kila, ke kumukūʻai o ka helu a i ʻole ka ikaika hua, ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke kila, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka deoxidation o ke kila, ʻo ia ka mea i haku ʻia me 4 mau ʻāpana.
①Hoʻohana ke kila kila nui i ka hua pinyin "Q" e hōʻike ana i ka helu hua. ʻO ka waiwai helu hua (ʻo ia ka MPa) a me nā māka maikaʻi (A, B, C, D, E) a me ke ʻano deoxidation (F, b, Z, TZ) a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka Papa 1 i ka papa ma ke ʻano. No ka laʻana: ua hōʻike ʻia nā māka kila hoʻolālā kalapona e like me: Q235AF, Q235BZ; haʻahaʻa-alloy kiʻekiʻe-ikaika structural kila mākaʻikaʻi e like me: Q345C, Q345D.
Q235BZ 'o ia ho'i, pepehi 'ia ke kila kinona kalapona me ka waiwai helu ≥ 235MPa a me ka papa B.
ʻO nā māka ʻelua o Q235 a me Q345 nā māka maʻamau o ke kila ʻenekinia, nā māka me ka hana nui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, a me nā māka i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Loaʻa kēia mau māka ʻelua ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua.
Ma ka papa hana o ke kila kila kalapona, hiki ke hoopau i ka hoailona "Z" o ke kila pepehi kanaka a me ka "TZ" o ke kila make kūikawā, no ka la'ana: no ke kila Q235 me nā māka maika'i C a me D, pono nā māka he Q235CZ. a me Q235DTZ, Akā hiki ke waiho ʻia e like me Q235C a me Q235D.
ʻO ke kila kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ke kila pepehi ʻia a me ke kila make kūikawā, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia ka hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano deoxidation ma ka hopena o ka papa.
② Hōʻike ʻia ke kila kila kūikawā e ka hōʻailona "Q" e hōʻike ana i ka helu hua o ke kila, ka waiwai o ka helu hua, a me nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Papa 1, no ka laʻana: hōʻike ʻia ka pae kila no nā moku kaomi. e like me "Q345R"; Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me Q340NH; Q295HP kila kila no ka wiliwili kinoea pahu; Q390g kila kila no ka paila; Q420q kila kila no na alahaka.
③E like me nā pono, hiki ke hoʻohana i ʻelua mau huahelu Arabic (e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāpana kalapona maʻamau, ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻumi tausani) a me nā hōʻailona element chemical, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano; ʻO ke kila kila ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kūikawā Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka inoa inoa ma ke kaʻina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua huahelu Arabic (e hōʻike ana i ka awelika o ke kalapona ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻumi tausani), nā hōʻailona element kemikala, a me kekahi mau hōʻailona kikoʻī e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huahana.
2. ʻO ke ʻano hōʻike o ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila puna kalapona kiʻekiʻe
Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe i ka hui ʻana o ʻelua huahelu ʻArabia (e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi kalapona maʻamau i loko o ʻumi kaukani) a i ʻole nā huahelu Arabic a me nā hōʻailona element.
① No ke kila paila a me ke kila semi-pepehi, hoʻohui ʻia nā hōʻailona "F" a me "b" ma ka hopena o ka papa. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia ka papa o ka paila paila me ka awelika carbon content o 0.08% e like me "08F"; ʻO ka papa o ke kila semi-pepehi me ka awelika kalapona maʻiʻo o 0.10% ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo "10b".
② ʻAʻole hōʻailona ʻia ke kila pepehi ʻia (S, P≤0.035% pakahi) me nā hōʻailona. No ka laʻana: pepehi kila me ka awelika kalapona maʻiʻo o 0.45%, kona papa i hōʻike 'ia e like me "45″.
③ No nā kila hoʻolālā kalapona kiʻekiʻe me ka maʻiʻo manganese kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohui ʻia ka hōʻailona element manganese ma hope o nā huahelu Arabic e hōʻike ana i ka maʻiʻo kalapona maʻamau. No ka laʻana: ke kila me ka awelika kalapona maʻiʻo o 0.50% a me ka manganese maʻiʻo o 0.70% a hiki i 1.00%, kona papa i hōʻike 'ia e like me "50Mn".
④ No ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (S, P≤0.030% pakahi), e hoʻohui i ka hōʻailona "A" ma hope o ka papa. No ka laʻana: kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kalapona structural kila me ka awelika kalapona maʻiʻo o 0.45%, kona papa i hōʻike 'ia e like me "45A".
⑤Super-grade high-quality carbon structural steel (S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%), hoʻohui i ka hōʻailona "E" ma hope o ka papa. No ka laʻana: super high-quality carbon structural steel with a average carbon content of 0.45%, its grade is expressed as “45E”.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā māka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe carbon puna kila me ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe carbon structural steel grades (65, 70, 85, 65Mn steels aia ma nā kūlana ʻelua GB/T1222 a me GB/T699).
3. ʻO ke ʻano koho o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ke kila puna
① Hōʻike ʻia nā māka kila kila e nā huahelu ʻArabia a me nā hōʻailona mea kemika maʻamau.
E hoʻohana i ʻelua huahelu ʻArabia e hōʻike i ka maʻamau kalapona maʻamau (ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻumi tausani), a kau ma ke poʻo o ka papa.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻike o ka mea hao e like me kēia: inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ma lalo o 1.50%, ʻo ka mea wale nō ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka brand, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike; ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau o ka alloy he 1.50%～2.49%, 2.50%～3.49%, 3.50%～4.49%, 4.50%～ 5.49%, …, i kākau like ʻia me 2, 3, 4, 5 … ma hope o nā mea hoʻohui.
No ka laʻana: ʻo ka maʻiʻo maʻamau o ke kalapona, chromium, manganese, a me ke silika he 0.30%, 0.95%, 0.85%, a me 1.05% o ke kila kila. Ke ≤0.035% ka maʻiʻo o S a me P, hōʻike ʻia ka papa ma ke ʻano he "30CrMnSi".
Ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (S, P content ≤0.025% pakahi), hōʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hōʻailona "A" ma ka hopena o ka papa. No ka laʻana: "30CrMnSiA".
No ke kila kila kila kila kila kūikawā (S≤0.015%, P≤0.025%), e hoʻohui i ka hōʻailona "E" ma ka hope o ka papa, no ka laʻana: "30CrM nSiE".
No nā māka kila kila kila kūikawā, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Papa 1 i ke poʻo (a i ʻole ka huelo) o ka papa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kila 30CrMnSi i hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia no ka riveting screws, hōʻike ʻia ka helu kila e like me ML30CrMnSi.
②ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka pae o ke kila puna wai like me ke ʻano o ke kila kila.
No ka laʻana: ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau o ke kalapona, silika, a me ka manganese he 0.60%, 1.75%, a me 0.75% o ke kila puna, a ua hōʻike ʻia kona papa e like me "60Si2Mn". No ke kila puna kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻohui i ka hōʻailona "A" ma ka hopena o ka papa, a ua hōʻike ʻia kona māka e like me "60Si2MnA".
4. ʻO ka papa o ke kila ʻoki manuahi
Loaʻa i nā mea hana Xinfa CNC ka maikaʻi a me ka paʻa ikaika, no nā kikoʻī, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-21-2023
