Pono ka lio maikaʻi i kahi noho maikaʻi a hoʻohana i nā mea hana machining CNC kiʻekiʻe. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana hewa, makehewa! ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea paahana kūpono he hopena nui i ke ola lawelawe o ka mea hana, ka hana kūpono, ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻike pono e pili ana i ka ʻike pahi, ʻohi a hoʻouna aku, e aʻo pū kākou.
Pono nā mea paahana e loaʻa nā waiwai kumu
ʻO ke kohoʻana i nā mea hana hana he hopena nui i ke ola o ka mea hana, ka hana pono, ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai. Pono nā mea hana e kū i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ka friction, ka hopena a me ka haʻalulu i ka wā e ʻoki ai. No laila, pono e loaʻa i nā mea paahana nā waiwai kumu:
(1) Ka paakiki a me ke kapa komo. Pono e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana ma mua o ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana, ʻoi aku ka nui ma luna o 60HRC. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o ka mea paahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka lole.
(2) Ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī. Pono nā mea hana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī e kū i ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hopena a me ka haʻalulu, a pale i ka haki ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana o ka mea hana.
(3) Kūleʻa wela. He maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa wela o ka mea paahana, hiki ke kū i nā mahana ʻoki kiʻekiʻe, a maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa oxidation.
(4) Hana kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Pono nā mea paahana e loaʻa i ka hana forging maikaʻi, ka hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, ka hana kuʻi ʻana; wili hana, etc., a pono e hahai kiʻekiʻe hana-kumuai ratio.
Nā ʻano, nā waiwai, nā ʻano, a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea paahana
1. Mea paahana daimana
ʻO ka daimana ka allotrope o ke kalapona a ʻo ia ka mea paʻakikī loa i loaʻa ma ke ʻano. ʻO nā mea hana ʻoki daimana he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe a me ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā metala non-ferrous a me nā mea non-metallic. ʻOi loa i ka ʻoki kiʻekiʻe o ka alumini a me ka silicon-aluminum alloys, nā mea hana daimana ke ʻano nui o ka ʻoki ʻana i paʻakikī ke hoʻololi. ʻO nā mea hana daimana e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a me ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi he mea nui a koʻikoʻi i ka mīkini CNC hou.
⑴ Nā ʻano mea hana daimana
① Nā mea hana daimana maoli: Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā daimana kūlohelohe i mau mea hana ʻoki no nā haneli mau makahiki. Ua wili ʻia nā mea hana daimana kristal hoʻokahi maoli i mea ʻoi loa ka ʻoki ʻoki. Hiki i ka radius ʻoki ʻoki ke hiki i ka 0.002μm, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻoki. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka pololei o ka mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. He mea ʻike ʻia, kūpono a hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka mea hana machining ultra-precision.
② Nā mea hana ʻoki daimana PCD: He pipiʻi nā daimana maoli. ʻO ke daimana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoki ʻana ʻana he daimana polycrystalline (PCD). Mai ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke daimana polycrystalline (Polycrystauine daimana, i kapa ʻia ʻo PCD blades) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana synthesis kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o kona kūleʻa, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki daimana kūlohelohe e nā daimana polycrystalline artificial i nā manawa he nui. He waiwai nā kumu waiwai PCD, a ʻo kā lākou kumukūʻai he liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka hapaʻumi o ke daimana maoli. ʻAʻole hiki ke wili ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki PCD e hana i nā mea hana ʻoki ʻoi loa. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka ʻoki a me ka mea hana i hana ʻia e like me ke daimana maoli. ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā lau PCD me nā mea wāwahi chip i ka ʻoihana. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ka PCD no ka ʻoki pololei ʻana i nā metala non-ferrous a me nā metala ʻole, a paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i ka ʻoki ʻoki kiʻekiʻe. ʻOki aniani pololei.
③ Nā mea hana ʻoki daimana CVD: Mai ka hopena o ka makahiki 1970 a hiki i ka makahiki 1980, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻenehana daimana CVD ma Iapana. ʻO ke daimana CVD e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai mahu (CVD) e hoʻohui i kahi kiʻi daimana ma kahi matrix heterogeneous (e like me ka cemented carbide, ceramics, etc.). ʻO ke daimana CVD he ʻano like ke ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona me ke daimana maoli. ʻO ka hana o ke daimana CVD kokoke loa i ka daimana maoli. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka daimana kristal hoʻokahi a me ke daimana polycrystalline (PCD), a lanakila i kā lākou mau hemahema i kekahi ʻano.
⑵ Nā hiʻohiʻona hana o nā mea hana daimana
① ʻOi loa ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpale ʻana: ʻO ke daimana maoli ka mea paʻakikī loa i loaʻa ma ke ʻano. He kiʻekiʻe loa ke kūpale ʻana o Diamond. I ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke ola o nā mea hana daimana he 10 a 100 mau manawa o nā mea hana carbide, a i ʻole he haneli mau manawa.
② He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka friction coefficient ma waena o ke daimana a me kekahi mau metala non-ferrous ma mua o nā mea hana ʻoki ʻē aʻe. He haʻahaʻa ka friction coefficient, liʻiliʻi ka deformation i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika ʻoki.
③ ʻOi loa ka ʻoki ʻoki: ʻO ka ʻoki ʻoki o ka mea hana daimana hiki ke ʻoki ʻia. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i ka 0.002 ~ 0.008μm ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hana daimana kristal hoʻokahi, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻoki a me ka hana ʻana i ka ultra-precision.
④ ʻO ka hoʻoili wela kiʻekiʻe: He kiʻekiʻe ka conductivity wela o Diamond a me ka diffusivity thermal, no laila ua maʻalahi ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wela a haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka mea hana.
⑤ He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻonui hoʻonui: ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻonui wela o ka daimana he mau manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka carbide cemented, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka mea hana ma muli o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wela he liʻiliʻi loa ia, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka pololei a me ka ultra-precision machining. pono ke kiko kiʻekiʻe.
⑶ Hoʻohana i nā mea hana daimana
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana daimana no ka ʻoki maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i nā metala non-ferrous a me nā mea non-metallic i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā metala ʻole ʻaʻahu, e like me ka fiberglass powder metallurgy blanks, ceramic material, etc.; nā ʻano metala non-ferrous ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e like me nā ʻāpana silika-aluminum like ʻole; a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā metala non-ferrous like ʻole.
ʻO ka hemahema o nā mea hana daimana, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wela. Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka ʻoki ʻana ma mua o 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃, e nalowale loa lākou i ko lākou paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā metala ferrous no ka mea hiki ke hana maʻalahi ke daimana (carbon) me ka hao i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻololi ka hana Atomic i nā ʻātoma kalapona i ka hana graphite, a ua maʻalahi ka mea hana.
2. Cubic boron nitride mea paahana
ʻO Cubic boron nitride (CBN), ka lua o ka superhard material synthesized me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano like me ka hana daimana, ʻo ia ka lua o ke daimana ma ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī a me ka conductivity thermal. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a hiki ke hoʻomehana ʻia i 10,000C i ka lewa. ʻAʻole hiki mai ka oxidation. Loaʻa iā CBN nā waiwai kemika paʻa no nā metala ferrous a hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kila.
⑴ Nā ʻano mea hana ʻoki boron nitride cubic
ʻO Cubic boron nitride (CBN) kahi mea i loaʻa ʻole ma ke ʻano. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia i hoʻokahi aniani a me ka polycrystalline, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo CBN single crystal a me polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (Polycrystalline cubic bornnitride, PCBN no ka pōkole). ʻO CBN kekahi o nā allotropes o boron nitride (BN) a he ʻano like kona me ke daimana.
ʻO ka PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) he mea polycrystalline kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā mea CBN maikaʻi ma o nā pae hoʻopaʻa (TiC, TiN, Al, Ti, etc.) ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ke kaomi. ʻO ia ka lua o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī i hana ʻia i kēia manawa. ʻO ka mea paahana daimana, me ke daimana, ua kapa ʻia ʻo superhard tool tool. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo PCBN e hana i nā pahi a i ʻole nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki ʻoki PCBN i nā ʻili PCBN paʻa a me nā ʻāpana composite PCBN i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka carbide.
Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana hoʻohui PCBN ma o ka sintering ʻana i kahi papa o PCBN me ka mānoanoa o 0.5 a 1.0mm ma kahi carbide cemented me ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī. Hoʻohui kāna hana i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu. Hoʻoponopono ia i nā pilikia o ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o nā lau CBN.
⑵ ʻO nā waiwai nui a me nā ʻano o ka cubic boron nitride
ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa iki ka paʻakikī o ka cubic boron nitride ma mua o ke daimana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o CBN ʻo ia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kūpaʻa wela ma mua o ke daimana, a hiki i nā mahana ma luna o 1200°C (diamond he 700-800°C). ʻO kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea inert kemika a ʻaʻole e hoʻopili me ka hao ma 1200-1300°C. pane ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano hana nui o ka cubic boron nitride e like me kēia.
① Paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu: Ua like ke ʻano kristal CBN me ke daimana, a ua like ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika me ke daimana. He kūpono loa ʻo PCBN no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua, a hiki ke loaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka mea hana.
② ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe: ʻO ka pale wela o CBN hiki ke piʻi i 1400 ~ 1500 ℃, kahi kokoke i 1 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pale wela o ke daimana (700 ~ 800 ℃). Hiki i nā mea hana PCBN ke ʻoki i nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila paʻakikī i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe 3 a 5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea hana carbide.
③ Paʻa kemika maikaʻi loa: ʻAʻohe pili kemika me nā mea hao a hiki i 1200-1300°C, ʻaʻole e ʻaʻahu ʻoi loa e like me ke daimana. I kēia manawa, hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka paʻakikī o ka carbide cemented; Pono nā mea hana PCBN no ka ʻoki ʻana i ke kila kinai ʻia ʻO nā ʻāpana a me ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoki kiʻekiʻe o ka hao.
④ ʻO ka conductivity wela maikaʻi: ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka conductivity thermal o CBN ke mālama i ke daimana, ʻo ka conductivity thermal o PCBN ma waena o nā mea paahana like ʻole he lua wale nō ia i ka daimana, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila kiʻekiʻe a me ka carbide cemented.
⑤ He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ikaika o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mahana o ka ʻoki ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili mīkini.
⑶ Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻoki cubic boron nitride
He kūpono ka cubic boron nitride no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī e ʻoki ʻia e like me ke kila kinai ʻia, ka hao paʻa paʻa, nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe, ka carbide cemented, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ili. Hiki i ka pololei o ka hana ke hiki i IT5 (ʻo IT6 ka puka), a hiki ke liʻiliʻi ka waiwai o ka ʻili ʻili e like me Ra1.25 ~ 0.20μm.
ʻO ka mea paahana cubic boron nitride he ʻino ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika kulou. No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono nā mea hoʻohuli cubic boron nitride no ka mīkini hana ʻino i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā haʻahaʻa hopena kiʻekiʻe; i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea me ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā alumini alumini, nā ʻāpana keleawe, nā nickel-based alloys, nā kila me ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), no ka mea, e ʻoki ʻia kēia mau kihi i kūkulu ʻia i ka wā e hana ai. me ka metala, e hōʻino ana i ka ʻili i hana ʻia.
3. mea paahana seramika
Loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻoki Ceramic nā hiʻohiʻona o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻopaʻa me ka metala. He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nā mea hana seramika i ka mīkini CNC. Ua lilo nā mea hana seramika i hoʻokahi o nā mea hana nui no ka ʻoki wikiwiki a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī i ka mīkini. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki keramika i ka ʻoki kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻoki maloʻo, ka ʻoki paʻakikī a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī i ka mīkini. Hiki i nā mea hana seramika ke hana pono i nā mea kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī i hikiʻole i nā mea hana kuʻuna ke hana i nā mea a pau, eʻike ana i ka "huli ma kahi o ka wili"; ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana seramika hiki ke 2 a 10 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea hana carbide, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hana hana. ; ʻO nā mea waiwai nui i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana seramika ka mea nui loa i ka ʻōpala o ka honua. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana seramika he mea koʻikoʻi nui ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka huahana, hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā metala makamae. E hoʻoikaika nui ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻoki. holomua.
⑴ Nā ʻano mea paahana seramika
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano mea hana seramika i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: nā seramika i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka alumina, nā seramika kumu nitride silicon, a me nā seramika kumu nitride-alumina. Ma waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana seramika alumina a me ka silicon nitride. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o nā seramika silicon nitride ma mua o nā seramika alumina.
⑵ Hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hana ʻoki keramika
① ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi: ʻOiai ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o nā mea ʻoki keramika e like me ka PCD a me ka PCBN, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka carbide a me nā mea ʻoki kila kiʻekiʻe, hiki i 93-95HRA. Hiki i nā mea hana ʻoki keramika ke hana i nā mea paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe e paʻakikī ke hana me nā mea ʻoki kuʻuna a kūpono no ka ʻoki wikiwiki a me ka ʻoki paʻakikī.
② ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi: Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki seramika ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 1200°C. Loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻoki keramika maikaʻi nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻoki seramika A12O3 maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoki ʻoki i kahi ʻulaʻula wela, hiki ke hoʻohana mau ʻia. No laila, hiki i nā mea hana seramika ke hoʻokō i ka ʻoki maloʻo, no laila e hoʻopau i ka pono no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai.
③ Paʻa kemika maikaʻi: ʻAʻole maʻalahi nā mea hana ʻoki ceramika e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka metala, a he kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana ʻoki.
④ He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka pilina ma waena o nā mea hana seramika a me ka metala, a he haʻahaʻa hoʻi ka friction coefficient, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mahana.
⑶ Loaʻa i nā pahi seramika nā noi
ʻO Ceramics kekahi o nā mea hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻopau wikiwiki a me ka semi-finishing. He kūpono nā mea hana ʻoki ʻoki no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hao like ʻole (hao hina hina, hao ductile, hao malleable, hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hao kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia) a me nā mea kila (ke kila kila, ke kila kila kila, ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe, ke kila kinai ʻia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ʻoki i nā ʻāpana keleawe, graphite, ʻenekinia plastics a me nā mea hoʻohui.
Loaʻa i nā mea waiwai o nā mea hana ʻoki ceramic nā pilikia o ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻakikī o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ma lalo o nā ukana hopena.
4. Nā mea hana i uhi ʻia
ʻO ka uhi ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki kekahi o nā ala koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana paahana. ʻO ka puka ʻana o nā mea hana i uhi ʻia ua lawe mai i kahi holomua nui i ka hana ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hana i uhi ʻia me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā ʻāpana refractory me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi ma ke kino mea hana me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi. Hoʻohui ia i ka matrix hāmeʻa me ka uhi paʻa, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana hāmeʻa. Hiki i nā mea hana i uhi ʻia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka hana ʻana, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe mea hana, a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana.
Ma kahi o 80% o nā mea hana ʻoki i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana mīkini CNC hou e hoʻohana i nā mea hana i uhi ʻia. ʻO nā mea hana i uhi ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻano mea hana koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka mīkini CNC i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
⑴ Nā ʻano mea hana i uhi ʻia
E like me nā ʻano hana uhi ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana i uhi ʻia i nā mea hana hoʻoheheʻe kemika (CVD) i uhi ʻia a me nā mea hana hoʻoheheʻe kino (PVD). Hoʻohana maʻamau nā mea hana ʻoki carbide i uhi ʻia i ke ʻano deposition chemical, a ʻo ka mahana deposition ma kahi o 1000 ° C. Hoʻohana maʻamau nā mea hana ʻoki kila kiʻekiʻe i uhi ʻia i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kino kino, a ʻo ka mahana deposition ma kahi o 500°C;
Wahi a nā mea substrate like ʻole o nā mea hana i uhi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana i uhi ʻia i nā mea hana carbide i uhi ʻia, nā mea hana kila kila kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea hana i uhi ʻia ma nā seramika a me nā mea superhard (diamond a me cubic boron nitride).
E like me nā waiwai o ka mea hoʻopili, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana i uhi ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea hana i uhi ʻia "paʻakikī" a me nā mea hana i uhi ʻia. ʻO nā pahuhopu nui i hahai ʻia e nā mea hana i uhi ʻia "paʻakikī" ʻo ia ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu ʻO kona mau pono nui ʻo ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana, ʻo ka maʻamau ʻo TiC a me TiN coatings. ʻO ka pahuhopu i hahai ʻia e nā mea hana hoʻoheheʻe "māmā" he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā mea hana ponoʻī, ʻo ia ka friction me ka mea workpiece He haʻahaʻa loa ka coefficient, ma kahi o 0.1 wale nō, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka adhesion, hoʻemi i ka friction, a hoʻemi i ka ʻoki ʻana. ikaika a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mahana.
Ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki Nanocoating (Nanoeoating). Hiki i ia mau mea hana i hoʻopiliʻia ke hoʻohana i nā hui likeʻole o nā mea hoʻopili (e like me ka metala / metala, metala / seramika, ceramic / ceramic, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) no ka hoʻokōʻana i nā koi hana a me ka hana. Hiki i nā nano-coatings i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia ke hana i nā mea paahana i nā hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa friction a me nā hana anti-wear a me nā waiwai lubricating ponoʻī, e kūpono iā lākou no ka ʻoki maloʻo kiʻekiʻe.
⑵ Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hana ʻoki i uhi ʻia
① Hana maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻokiʻoki: Hoʻohui nā mea hana i uhi ʻia i nā waiwai maikaʻi o ka mea kumu a me ka mea uhi. ʻAʻole wale lākou e mālama i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kumu, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa lole kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu Friction haʻahaʻa. No laila, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana i uhi ʻia ma mua o 2 mau manawa ma mua o nā mea hana ʻole i uhi ʻia, a ʻae ʻia nā uku hānai kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o nā mea hana i uhi ʻia.
② ʻAno ikaika: ʻO nā mea hana i uhi ʻia he ākea ākea a hoʻonui nui i ka pae hana. Hiki i hoʻokahi mea hana i uhi ʻia ke pani i kekahi mau mea hana i uhi ʻole ʻia.
③ ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka uhi: Ke piʻi aʻe ka mānoanoa o ka uhi, e hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o ka mea hana, akā ke hiki i ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana i ka saturation, ʻaʻole e piʻi nui ke ola o ka mea hana. Ke mānoanoa loa ka uhi ʻana, e maʻalahi ka ʻili; i ka wā ʻeleʻele loa ka uhi ʻana, ʻilihune ka pale ʻana o ka ʻaʻahu.
④ Hoʻihoʻi hou: ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā lau i uhi ʻia, nā mea hoʻopili paʻakikī, nā koi kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka manawa uhi lōʻihi.
⑤ Mea hoʻopili: He ʻokoʻa ka hana ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana me nā mea hoʻonaninani like ʻole. No ka laʻana: i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka wikiwiki haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi TiC; i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o TiN.
⑶Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki i uhi ʻia
Loaʻa i nā mea hana i uhi ʻia i ka mana nui o ka CNC machining a ʻo ia ka mea koʻikoʻi nui o nā ʻano mea hana ma ke kahua o ka mīkini CNC i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana uhi i nā wili hoʻopau, reamers, drill bits, composite hole processing tools, gear hobs, gear shaper cutters, gear shaving cutters, forming broaches a me nā mīkini-clamp indexable inserts e hoʻokō i nā koi like ʻole o ka ʻoki ʻoki wikiwiki. ʻO nā pono o nā mea e like me ke kila a me ka hao, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela a me nā metala non-ferrous.
5. Nā mea paahana Carbide
ʻO nā mea hana ʻoki carbide, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻoki carbide hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia, nā huahana alakaʻi o nā mea hana mīkini CNC. Mai ka 1980s, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka integral a indexable carbide cutting tools a i ʻole inserts i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻano mea hana ʻoki ʻoki, kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai nā mea hana carbide hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia mai nā mea hoʻohuli maʻalahi a me nā mea ʻoki wili maka i nā ʻano kikoʻī like ʻole, paʻakikī, a me nā māla mea hana.
⑴ Nā ʻano mea hana ʻoki carbide
E like me ka papa hana kemika nui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka carbide cemented i ka carbide cemented tungsten carbide a me ka titanium carbon (nitride) (TiC (N)) -based cemented carbide.
ʻEkolu ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻekolu: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten cobalt titanium (YT), a me ka carbide carbide i hoʻohui ʻia (YW). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia me kona mau pono a me nā hemahema. ʻO nā mea nui ka tungsten carbide (WC) a me ka titanium carbide. (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), niobium carbide (NbC), etc. ʻO ka pae hoʻopaʻa metala maʻamau ʻo Co.
ʻO ka carbon carbon (nitride)-based cemented carbide he carbide cemented me TiC ma ke ʻano nui (ua hoʻohui kekahi i nā carbide ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nitrides). ʻO nā pae hoʻopaʻa metala maʻamau ʻo Mo a me Ni.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ISO (International Organization for Standardization) i ka ʻoki carbide i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
ʻO ka papa K, me Kl0 ~ K40, ua like ia me ka papa YG o koʻu ʻāina (ʻo WC.Co ka mea nui).
ʻO ka māhele P, me ka P01 ~ P50, ua like ia me ka māhele YT o koʻu ʻāina (ʻo WC.TiC.Co ka mea nui).
ʻO ka papa M, me ka M10~M40, ua like ia me ka papa YW o koʻu ʻāina (ʻo WC-TiC-TaC(NbC)-Co ka mea nui.
Hōʻike kēlā me kēia papa i kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana mai ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka paʻakikī loa me ka helu ma waena o 01 a me 50.
⑵ Nā hiʻohiʻona hana o nā mea hana ʻoki carbide
① Paʻa kiʻekiʻe: Hana ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki carbide me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu heheʻe (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pae paʻakikī) a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa metala (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana) ma o ka pauka metala, me ka paʻakikī o 89 a 93HRA. , ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila kiʻekiʻe. Ma 5400C, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hiki i 82 ~ 87HRA,ʻo ia ka mea like me ka paʻakikī o ke kila kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki i ka mahana wela (83 ~ 86HRA). Hoʻololi ka waiwai paʻakikī o ka carbide cemented me ke ʻano, ka nui, ka nui o ka carbide a me ka maʻiʻo o ka pae hoʻopaʻa metala, a e emi iho me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike o ka pae metala. Ke like ka maʻiʻo o ka mea hoʻopaʻa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana YT ma mua o nā ʻāpana YG, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka wela kiʻekiʻe o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia me TaC (NbC).
② ʻO ka ikaika kulou a me ka paʻakikī: ʻO ka ikaika kulou o ka carbide cemented maʻamau i ka laulā o 900 a 1500MPa. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻiʻo hoʻopaʻa metala, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika flexural. Ke like ka mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke ʻano YG type (WC-Co) alloy ma mua o ke ʻano YT type (WC-TiC-Co), a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike TiC, emi ka ikaika. ʻO ka carbide Cemented he mea brittle, a ʻo kona ʻano paʻakikī ma ka lumi wela he 1/30 a 1/8 wale nō ka nui o ke kila kiʻekiʻe.
⑶ Hoʻohana i nā mea hana ʻoki carbide maʻamau
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā alloy YG no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hao, nā metala non-ferrous a me nā mea non-metallic. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka carbide sima maikaʻi (e like me YG3X, YG6X). He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i kekahi hao hao paʻakiki kūikawā, austenitic stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy, Titanium alloy, keleawe paʻa a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lole, etc.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka YT type cemented carbide he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika compressive i nā wela kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke ʻano YG, a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation maikaʻi. No laila, i ka wā e koi ʻia ai ka pahi e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, pono e koho ʻia kahi papa me ka ʻike TiC kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono nā ʻāpana YT no ka hana ʻana i nā mea plastik e like me ke kila, akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā titanium alloys a me nā silicon-aluminum alloys.
Loaʻa iā YW alloy nā waiwai o YG a me YT alloys, a loaʻa nā waiwai piha maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ke kila, ka hao a me nā metala non-ferrous. Inā hoʻonui maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike cobalt o kēia ʻano huila, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka ikaika a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mīkini paʻakikī a hoʻopau i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī i ka mīkini.
6. ʻO nā mea hana ʻoki kila kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka High Speed Steel (HSS) he kila kila kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole e like me W, Mo, Cr, a me V. Loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻoki kila kiʻekiʻe ka hana piha maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka ikaika, paʻakikī a me ka hana. I loko o nā mea hana ʻoki paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka poʻe me nā ʻano pahi paʻakikī e like me nā mea hana lua, nā mea ʻoki wili, nā mea hana threading, nā mea hana broaching, nā mea ʻoki ʻoki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana mau ʻia ke kila kiʻekiʻe. noho i kahi kūlana mana. He maʻalahi nā pahi kila kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokala i nā kihi ʻoki ʻoi.
Wahi a nā hoʻohana like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kiʻekiʻe i ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila kiʻekiʻe.
⑴ Nā mea hana ʻoki kila kiʻekiʻe
Ke kila māmā holo nui. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: tungsten steel a me tungsten-molybdenum steel. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano kila kiʻekiʻe ka 0.7% a 0.9% (C). E like me ka ʻokoʻa tungsten maʻiʻo i loko o ke kila, hiki ke maheleia i tungsten kila me ka W maʻiʻo o 12% a 18%, tungsten-molybdenum kila me ka W maʻiʻo o 6% a 8%, a molybdenum kila me ka W maʻiʻo. o 2% a i ole W. . Loaʻa i ke kila kiʻekiʻe ke kumu nui ka paʻakikī (63-66HRC) a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka ʻenehana hana, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana paʻakikī.
① Ke kila Tungsten: ʻO ka māka maʻamau o ke kila tungsten kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki ʻo W18Cr4V, (i kapa ʻia ʻo W18). Loaʻa iā ia ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka wela kiʻekiʻe ma 6000C he 48.5HRC, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mea hana paʻakikī. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka grindability maikaʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa decarburization sensitivity, akā ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe carbide maʻiʻo, ka hāʻawi like ʻole, nā ʻāpana nui, a me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻakikī.
② Ke kila Tungsten-molybdenum: pili i ke kila kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka tungsten i ke kila tungsten me ka molybdenum. ʻO ka papa maʻamau o ke kila tungsten-molybdenum ʻo W6Mo5Cr4V2, (i kapa ʻia ʻo M2). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana carbide o M2, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ikaika, paʻakikī a me ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka W18Cr4V. ʻO kekahi ʻano kila tungsten-molybdenum ʻo W9Mo3Cr4V (W9 no ka pōkole). ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kūpaʻa wela ma mua o ke kila M2, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kulou a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o W6M05Cr4V2, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana.
⑵ ʻO nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e ʻoki kila
ʻO ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka hana kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kahi ʻano kila hou e hoʻohui i kekahi ʻano kalapona, vanadium maʻiʻo, a me nā mea hoʻohui e like me Co a me Al i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana. . Aia ka nui o nā ʻāpana:
① Ke kila māmā holo kalapona kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kila kiʻekiʻe-carbon kiʻekiʻe (e like me 95W18Cr4V) he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ma ka lumi wela a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ke kila maʻamau a me ka hao hoʻolei, drill bits, reamers, taps a me nā mea ʻoki wili me nā koi kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā mea hana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī. ʻAʻole kūpono ia e pale i nā hopena nui.
② Ke kila kiʻekiʻe vanadium kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā māka maʻamau, e like me W12Cr4V4Mo, (i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo EV4), ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike V i 3% a i 5%, maikaʻi ke pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, a kūpono hoʻi no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea e hoʻohana ai i nā mea hana nui, e like me nā fibers, rubber hard, plastics. , a me nā mea'ē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka hanaʻana i nā mea e like me ke kila kila, ke kila ikaika a me nā mea wela wela.
③ Ke kila kiʻekiʻe ʻo Cobalt. He kila kiʻekiʻe ka māmā ikaika loa i loko o ka cobalt. ʻO nā māka maʻamau, e like me W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, (i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo M42), he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa. Hiki i kona paʻakikī ke hiki i 69-70HRC. He mea kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā kila wela ikaika ikaika, nā mea wela wela, nā titanium alloys, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. no ka hana ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻoki hopena.
④ Aluminum kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki kila. He kila kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o ka alumini. ʻO nā māka maʻamau, no ka laʻana, W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, (i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 501). ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe-mehana ma 6000C a hiki i 54HRC. Ua like ka hana ʻoki ʻana me M42. He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻoki wili, nā ʻāpana drill, nā reamers, nā mea ʻoki ʻoki, a me nā broaches. a me nā mea'ē aʻe, hoʻohanaʻia no ka hanaʻana i nā mea e like me ke kila kila, ke kila kila, ke kila ikaika a me nā mea wela wela.
⑤ ʻO ke kila kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o ka nitrogen. ʻO nā māka maʻamau, e like me W12M03Cr4V3N, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo (V3N), he mau kila kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o ka nitrogen. ʻO ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika, a me ka paʻakikī e like me M42. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia lākou ma keʻano he pani no nā kobalt i loaʻa i nā kila kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohanaʻia no kaʻoki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea paʻakikī i ka mīkini a me ka wikiwiki, nā kila kiʻekiʻe. hana ʻana.
⑶ Hoʻoheheʻe i ke kila kiʻekiʻe a me ka pauka metala kila kiʻekiʻe
E like me nā kaʻina hana ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe a me ka pauka metallurgy kila kiʻekiʻe.
① Hoʻoheheʻe i ke kila kiʻekiʻe: Hana ʻia nā kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hana ʻia e nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe. Hana ʻia lākou i pahi ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ingot, a me ka hoʻopalapala ʻana a me ka ʻōwili ʻana. ʻO kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi i hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻoheʻe ʻana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokaʻawale carbide. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia nā carbide paʻakikī a me ka brittle i ke kila kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka palaoa (a hiki i ka nui o nā microns), e pili ana i ka pale ʻana a me ka paʻakikī o nā mea hana kila kiʻekiʻe. a hoʻopilikia i ka hana ʻoki.
② ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (PM HSS): ʻO ka pauka metallurgy kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (PM HSS) he kila wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi umu induction kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohui ʻia me ka argon kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nitrogen maʻemaʻe, a laila kinai ʻia e loaʻa. nā kristal maikaʻi a kūlike. Hoʻolālā (kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki pauka), a laila kaomi i ka pauka hopena i loko o ka pahi blank ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe puʻe, a i ole e hana mua i ka billet kila a laila forge a olokaa ia i loko o ka pahi kino. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ke kila kiʻekiʻe i hanaʻia e keʻano hoʻoheheʻeʻana, PM HSS nā mea maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a me kaʻaʻahu o ka carbide, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kū'ēʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike i ke kila kiʻekiʻe i hoʻoheheʻeʻia. Ma ke kahua o nā mea hana CNC paʻakikī, e hoʻomohala hou nā mea hana PM HSS a noho i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā māka maʻamau, e like me F15, FR71, GFl, GF2, GF3, PT1, PVN, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki nui nui, kaumaha, kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea hana ʻoki pololei.
Nā Manaʻo no ke koho ʻana i nā mea paahana CNC
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea paahana CNC i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hana daimana, cubic boron nitride mea hana, nā mea hana ceramic, nā mea i uhi ʻia, nā mea hana carbide, nā mea hana kila kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea he nui. Hōʻike ka papa ma lalo i nā hōʻailona hana nui o nā mea paahana like ʻole.
Pono e kohoʻia nā mea hana no ka mīkini CNC e like me ka mea hana i hanaʻia a me keʻano o ka hana. Pono e hoʻohālikelike pono ʻia ke koho ʻana i nā mea hana me ka mea hana. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki a me nā mea hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical, nā waiwai kino a me nā waiwai kemika o nā mea ʻelua e loaʻa ai ke ola mea hana lōʻihi loa a me ka ʻokiʻoki kiʻekiʻe.
1. Hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano mechanical o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea paahana a me nā mea hana
ʻO ka pilikia o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai mīkini o ka mea ʻoki a me ka mea hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻāpana waiwai mechanical e like me ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana a me ka mea hana. ʻO nā mea hana me nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole e kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea hana like ʻole.
① ʻO ke kauoha o ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana: mea hana daimana> mea hana cubic boron nitride> mea hana seramika> tungsten carbide> kila kiʻekiʻe.
② ʻO ke kauoha o ka ikaika piʻi ʻana o nā mea paahana: ʻo ke kila kiʻekiʻe > ka carbide cemented > nā mea hana seramika > daimana a me nā mea hana cubic boron nitride.
③ ʻO ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī o nā mea paahana: ke kila kiʻekiʻe> tungsten carbide> cubic boron nitride, daimana a me nā mea hana seramika.
Pono e hana ʻia nā mea hana paʻa kiʻekiʻe me nā mea hana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Pono e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana ma mua o ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana, ʻoi aku ka nui ma luna o 60HRC. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o ka mea paahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona pale ʻana. No ka laʻana, ke piʻi aʻe ka ʻike cobalt i loko o ka carbide cemented, piʻi ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī a me ka emi ʻana o kona paʻakikī, kūpono ia no ka mīkini ʻala; i ka emi ʻana o ka ʻiʻo cobalt, piʻi ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, e kūpono ia no ka hoʻopau ʻana.
ʻO nā mea hana me nā mea mechanical wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa e kūpono i kaʻoki wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa o nā mea hana ʻoki seramika e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻoki i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka wikiwiki ʻoki i ʻae ʻia he 2 a 10 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka carbide cemented.
2. Hoʻohālikelike i nā waiwai kino o ka mea paahana ʻokiʻoki me ka mea mīkini
ʻO nā mea hana me nā waiwai kino like ʻole, e like me nā mea kila kiʻekiʻe me ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā mea hana seramika me ka helu hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā mea hana daimana me ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa wela, etc. ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana like ʻole. I ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea paahana me ka conductivity thermal maikaʻi aʻe i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe koke ʻia ka wela ʻoki a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana ʻoki. Ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity a me ka thermal diffusivity, daimana hiki ke hoʻopau maʻalahi i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wela me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela nui, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no nā mea hana machining e koi ana i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.
① ʻO ka mahana pale wela o nā mea hana like ʻole: ʻo nā mea hana daimana he 700 ~ 8000C, ʻo nā mea hana PCBN he 13000 ~ 15000C, nā mea hana seramika he 1100 ~ 12000C, ʻo TiC (N)-based cemented carbide he 900 ~ 11000C, WC-based ultra-fine ʻO ka palaoa Carbide he 800 ~ 9000C, HSS he 600 ~ 7000C.
② Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hoʻoili wela o nā mea hana like ʻole: PCD>PCBN> carbide cemented i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka WC> TiC (N)-based cemented carbide>HSS>Si3N4-based ceramics>A1203-based ceramics.
③ ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā helu hoʻonui wela o nā mea paahana like ʻole: HSS> WC-based cemented carbide>TiC(N)>A1203-based ceramic>PCBN>Si3N4-based ceramic>PCD.
④ ʻO ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka haʻalulu wela o nā mea paahana like ʻole: HSS> WC-based cemented carbide>Si3N4-based ceramics>PCBN>PCD>TiC(N)-based cemented carbide>A1203-based ceramics.
3. Hoʻohālikelike i nā waiwai kemika o ka mea ʻoki ʻoki me ka mea i hana ʻia
ʻO ka pilikia o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai kemika o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mea hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana kemika e like me ka affinity kemika, ka hopena kemika, diffusion a me ka wehe ʻana o nā mea hana a me nā mea hana. Kūpono nā mea hana me nā mea like ʻole no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana like ʻole.
① ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wela o nā mea hana like ʻole (me ke kila): PCBN>ceramic>tungsten carbide>HSS.
② ʻO ka mahana kū'ē o ka oxidation o nā mea paahana like ʻole: ceramic>PCBN>tungsten carbide>diamond>HSS.
③ ʻO ka ikaika diffusion o nā mea paahana (no ke kila): daimana>Si3N4-based ceramics>PCBN>A1203-based ceramics. ʻO ka ikaika diffusion (no ka titanium) ʻo: A1203-based ceramic>PCBN>SiC>Si3N4>diamond.
4. Ke koho kūpono o nā mea paahana CNC
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo PCBN, nā mea hana seramika, ka carbide i uhi ʻia a me nā mea hana carbide e pili ana iā TiCN e kūpono i ka hana CNC o nā metala ferrous e like me ke kila; ʻoiai ua kūpono nā mea hana PCD no nā mea metala non-ferrous e like me Al, Mg, Cu a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻohui a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea metala ʻole. ʻO ka papa ma lalo nei ka papa inoa o nā mea hana i kūpono i nā mea hana ma luna no ka hana.
Loaʻa i nā mea hana Xinfa CNC nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maikaʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. No nā kikoʻī, e kipa:
Nā Mea Hana Hana CNC - China CNC Tools Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-01-2023
