No ka uwea kuʻi ʻana i loaʻa iā Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Al, Ti, Mo, V a me nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe.Hōʻike ʻia ka mana o kēia mau mea hoʻohui i ka hana welding.
Silika (Si)
ʻO Silicon ka mea hoʻohana deoxidizing maʻamau i ka uwea kuʻi, hiki iā ia ke pale i ka hao mai ka hui ʻana me ka oxidation, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka FeO i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻohana wale ʻia ka silicon deoxidation, ʻo ka hopena SiO2 he wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i 1710 ° C), a he liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana o ka hopena, e paʻakikī ke lana i waho o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka slag i loko o ka wai. weld metala.
Manganese (Mn)
Ua like ka hopena o ka manganese me ka silika, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka deoxidation ma mua o ka silika.Me ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i ka manganese deoxidation, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka MnO i hana ʻia (15.11g/cm3), a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke lana i waho o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.ʻO ka manganese i loko o ka uwea welding, ma waho aʻe o ka deoxidation, hiki ke hui pū me ka sulfur e hana i ka manganese sulfide (MnS), a hoʻoneʻe ʻia (desulfurization), no laila hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ke ʻano o nā māwae wela i hana ʻia e ka sulfur.No ka mea, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka silicon a me ka manganese no ka deoxidation, paʻakikī ke wehe i nā huahana deoxidized.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka deoxidation hui silicon-manganese i kēia manawa, i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka SiO2 a me MnO i hana ʻia i silicate (MnO·SiO2).ʻO ka MnO·SiO2 he wahi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa (e pili ana i 1270 ° C) a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e pili ana i 3.6g / cm3), a hiki ke hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana nui o ka slag a lana i waho i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe e loaʻa ai kahi hopena deoxidation maikaʻi.ʻO Manganese kekahi mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi i ke kila a me kahi mea paʻakikī koʻikoʻi, he hopena nui i ka paʻakikī o ka metala weld.Ke emi ka Mn ma lalo o 0.05%, kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakikī o ka metala weld;ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka Mn ma mua o 3%, he palupalu loa ia;i ka Mn maʻiʻo he 0.6-1.8%, ka weld metala i oi aku ka ikaika a me ka paakiki.
Sulfur (S)
Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka Sulfur ma ke ʻano o ka sulfide hao i ke kila, a ua māhele ʻia i ka palena o ka palaoa ma ke ʻano o kahi pūnaewele, no laila e hōʻemi nui ai i ka paʻakikī o ke kila.He haʻahaʻa ka mahana eutectic o ka hao a me ka hao sulfide (985°C).No laila, i ka wā o ka hana wela, ʻoiai ʻo 1150-1200 ° C ka wela o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka eutectic o ka hao a me ka hao sulfide, ka hopena i ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ʻo kēia ʻano ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "hot embrittlement of sulfur" .ʻO kēia waiwai o ka sulfur ka mea e ulu ai ke kila i nā māwae wela i ka wā wili.No laila, ʻo ka maʻiʻo o ka sulfur i loko o ke kila e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ke kila kalapona maʻamau, ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e waiho nei i ka nui o ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus.E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he hopena desulfurization ka manganese, no ka mea hiki i ka manganese ke hana i ka manganese sulfide (MnS) me kahi helu hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe (1600 ° C) me ka sulfur, i hoʻohele ʻia i ka palaoa ma ke ʻano granular.I ka hana wela, lawa ka palaka manganese sulfide, no laila e hoʻopau i ka hopena ʻino o ka sulfur.No laila, maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i kahi nui o ka manganese i ke kila.
ʻOka (P)
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Phosphorus i ka ferrite i ke kila.ʻO kona hopena ikaika ma ke kila ka lua wale nō i ke kalapona, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila.Hiki i ka Phosphorus ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ke kila, ʻoiai ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī.ʻOi aku ka nui ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka hopena, i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kuli kukuli anu o ka phosphorus.No laila, he mea maikaʻi ʻole i ka welding a hoʻonui i ka naʻau o ke kila.Ma ke ʻano he haumia, pono e kaupalena ʻia ka ʻike o ka phosphorus i ke kila.
Chromium (Cr)
Hiki i ka Chromium ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila me ka ʻole e hōʻemi i ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī.Loaʻa i ka Chromium ke kūpaʻa corrosion ikaika a me ka pale ʻana i ka waikawa, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chromium austenitic (ʻoi aku ma mua o 13%).Loaʻa i ka Chromium ke kūpaʻa oxidation ikaika a me ka pale wela.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka chromium i ke kila wela, e like me 12CrMo, 15CrMo 5CrMo a pēlā aku.Loaʻa i ka kila kekahi nui o ka chromium [7].He mea koʻikoʻi ʻo Chromium o ke kila austenitic a me kahi mea ferritizing, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ka oxidation a me nā waiwai mechanical i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kila kila.I ka austenitic kuhiliʻole kila, i ka huina o ka chromium a me ka nickel he 40%, i ka Cr/Ni = 1, aia ka manaʻo o ka wela wela;inā Cr/Ni = 2.7, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o ka pohā wela.No laila, i ka Cr / Ni = 2.2 i ka 2.3 ma ka laulā 18-8 kila, chromium mea maʻalahi e hana carbide i loko o ke kila kila, e hana i ka wela conduction o ke kila kila, a me ka chromium oxide mea maʻalahi e hana, e hana paʻakikī.
Aluminum (AI)
ʻO ka alumini kekahi o nā mea deoxidizing ikaika, no laila ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini ma ke ʻano he deoxidizing agent ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohua wale i ka FeO, akā maʻalahi hoʻi e hōʻemi i ka FeO, e kāohi pono i ka hopena kemika o ke kinoea CO i hana ʻia i loko o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke pale aku i ka CO. pores.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka alumini ke hui pū me ka nitrogen e hoʻoponopono i ka nitrogen, no laila hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i nā pores nitrogen.Eia nō naʻe, me ka alumini deoxidation, ʻo ka hopena Al2O3 he wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i 2050 ° C), a aia i loko o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kahi kūlana paʻa, kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka slag i ka weld.I ka manawa like, ua maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka uea alumini i loko o ka alumini, a ʻo ka ʻike alumini kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i ka pale ʻana o ka weld weld, no laila pono e mālama pono ʻia ka ʻike alumini i loko o ka uea welding a ʻaʻole pono. nui loa.Inā hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka ʻike alumini i loko o ka uwea welding, e hoʻomaikaʻi iki ka paʻakikī, ka kiko a me ka ikaika tensile o ka weld metala.
Titanium (Ti)
ʻO Titanium kekahi mea ikaika deoxidizing, a hiki ke hoʻohui pū i ka TiN me ka nitrogen e hoʻoponopono ai i ka nitrogen a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki o ka weld metala e pale aku i nā pores nitrogen.Inā kūpono ka maʻiʻo o Ti a me B (boron) i ka hale weld, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke ʻano weld.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Hiki i ka Molybdenum i ke kila kila ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka palaoa, pale i ka brittleness a me ka overheating tendency, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kolo a me ka ikaika paʻa, a i ka wā i emi iho ai ka molybdenum ma lalo o 0.6%, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka plasticity, Hoʻemi. ʻO ka manaʻo e haki a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī hopena.Hoʻoikaika ka Molybdenum i ka graphitization.No laila, ʻo ka molybdenum maʻamau i loko o ke kila wela e like me 16Mo, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, etc. aia ma kahi o 0.5% molybdenum.Ke 0.6-1.0% ka nui o ka molybdenum i loko o ke kila kila, e hoʻemi ka molybdenum i ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila kila a hoʻonui i ke ʻano hoʻopiʻi o ke kila kila.
Vanadium (V)
Hiki i ka Vanadium ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke kila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka palaoa, hoʻemi i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī.ʻO ka Vanadium kahi mea hana carbide ikaika, a paʻa nā carbide i hana ʻia ma lalo o 650 °C.Ka hopena paakiki manawa.Loaʻa i ka Vanadium carbide ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ke kila.Hiki i ka Vanadium ke hoʻololi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā carbide i ke kila, akā maʻalahi ka vanadium e hana i nā oxide refractory, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī o ka wili kinoea a me ka ʻoki kinoea.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, i ka wā e pili ana ka vanadium i loko o ka weld seam ma kahi o 0.11%, hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i kahi hana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka nitrogen, e hoʻohuli i nā mea ʻino i mea maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-22-2023
