ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi loa o ka welding argon arc ma ke kino o ke kanaka he uila uila kiʻekiʻe a me ka ozone. He aha kāu e ʻike ai ma ke ʻano he welder

3. Kāohi i ka pōʻino arc light

1. ʻO nā pōʻino o ka pāhawewe arc

ʻO ka welding arc radiation ka mea nui e pili ana i ke kukui ʻike, nā kukui infrared a me nā kukui ultraviolet. Hana lākou i ke kino o ke kanaka a hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻiʻo kanaka, e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena wela, photochemical a ionization paha i nā ʻiʻo, e hōʻeha ai i nā ʻiʻo kanaka.

⑴ Nā kukuna Ultraviolet Aia ka nalu o nā kukuna ultraviolet ma waena o 0.4-0.0076 microns. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka nalu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino olaola. Pilikia ka ʻili a me nā maka o ke kanaka i ka ʻike nui ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet. Ma lalo o ka hana o nā kukuna ultraviolet ikaika, hiki i ka ʻili ke hoʻoulu i ka dermatitis, me ka erythema e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili, me he mea lā ua ʻike ʻia i ka lā, a me nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, exudate a me ka edema, me ka wela, ka ʻāʻī, ka palupalu, a me ka pōʻeleʻele ma hope. . ʻiliʻili. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā maka i nā kukuna ultraviolet. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka keratoconjunctivitis acute, i kapa ʻia ʻo electrophoto ophthalmia. ʻO nā hōʻailona ka ʻeha, ka manaʻo ʻeha, ka waimaka nui, ka photophobia, ka makaʻu i ka makani, a me ka ʻike maka. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻohe sequelae. i

ʻO nā kukuna ultraviolet o ka arc welding he mana ikaika e hōʻino i nā fibers, a ʻo nā lole pulupulu ka mea i hōʻino nui ʻia. Hiki i ka lole keʻokeʻo ke kū'ē i ka radiation UV ma muli o kona mau waiwai reflective ikaika. ʻO nā kukui ultraviolet i hana ʻia e ka argon arc welding he 5-10 mau manawa ma mua o ka wili lima arc, a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka pōʻino. Pono e hana ʻia nā lole hana no ka wiliwili argon arc me nā lole kūpaʻa waika e like me ka tweed a me ka siliki ʻoka.

⑵Kuhi ʻulaʻula ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ke kukuna infrared aia ma waena o 343-0.76 microns. ʻO kona pōʻino nui i ke kino o ke kanaka ka hopena wela o ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kukuna infrared lōʻihi e ke kino o ke kanaka, me ka wela o ka poʻe; Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kukuna infra-ʻulaʻula pōkole e nā ʻiʻo, me ka wela.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke koko a me nā ʻiʻo hohonu, e hoʻoulu ai i ke ahi. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻana, e ʻike ʻia kou mau maka i ka radiation infrared ikaika, a e ʻike koke ʻoe i ke ahi ikaika a me ka ʻeha wela, a hiki mai nā hallucinations uila. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka infrared cataracts, nalo ka ʻike, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ka makapō. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ke kuni retinal.

⑶Malamalama ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kukui ʻike ʻia o ka arc welding ma mua o 10,000 mau manawa ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka māmā e hiki ai i ka maka ʻōlohelohe ke hoʻomanawanui. Ke ʻike ʻia i ka radiation, e ʻeha paha nā maka a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike pono no kekahi manawa. Kapa ʻia ka arc he "dazzling", a nalowale ka hiki ke hana i ka manawa pōkole, akā hiki ke hoʻihoʻi koke ʻia. i

2. Pale i ke kukui arc wiliwili

I mea e pale aku ai i nā maka mai ka pōʻino o ka arc light, pono nā welders e hoʻokomo i kahi mask me kahi kānana kūikawā i ka wā e wili ai. Hana ʻia ka mask me ka pahu kila ʻeleʻele, he ʻano maikaʻi ke ʻano, māmā, pale ʻole i ka wela, ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe i ke kukui. ʻO ka lens kānana i kau ʻia ma luna o ka mask, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ke aniani ʻeleʻele, hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he lens kānana absorption. Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia kona koho ʻeleʻele e like me ka ikaika o ke au welding. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻike a ka welder a me ka ʻōlinolino o ke kaiapuni welding. He ʻike maka maikaʻi nā ʻōpio welder a pono e hoʻohana i nā lens kānana me nā kala nui a ʻeleʻele. I ka wā e wili ai i ka pō a i ʻole kahi pōʻeleʻele, pono e koho ʻia nā lens ʻeleʻele.

Aia kekahi ʻano lens pale hoʻomanaʻo e hiki ke hōʻike i ke kukui arc ikaika, hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ikaika o ke kukui arc e hōʻino i nā maka, a maikaʻi ke pale aku i nā maka. Aia kekahi lens photoelectric hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kukui. Loaʻa iā ia ka māliko maikaʻi ke ʻā ʻole ʻia ke arc a hiki ke ʻike pono i nā hiʻohiʻona ma waho o ke aniani. Ke hoʻā ʻia ke arc, e hohonu koke ka ʻeleʻele o nā maka aniani a hiki ke pale maikaʻi i ka mālamalama. Hoʻopau kēia i ka pono e hāpai i ka mask a i ʻole e hoʻohuli i nā maka pale i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i nā koʻokoʻo wili.

I mea e pale ai i ka ʻili o ka welder mai ka pōʻino arc, pono e hana ʻia ka lole pale o ka welder me ke kāwele māmā a keʻokeʻo paha e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike o ke kukui arc. Pono e ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻeke o nā lole hana. I ka hana ʻana, pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā puʻupuʻu, e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mīkina lima ma waho o nā puʻupuʻu, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kola, ʻaʻole e hoʻemi ʻia nā wāwae pālule, ʻaʻole pono e ʻike ʻia ka ʻili.

I mea e pale aku ai i nā limahana kōkua a me nā limahana ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana i ke kahua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka ʻeha ʻia e ke kukui arc, pono lākou e hui pū kekahi me kekahi, e aloha aku ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ahi, a pono nā limahana kōkua e komo i nā aniani kala. I ka wā e wili ai i kahi kūlana paʻa, pono e hoʻohana ʻia kahi pale pale kukui.

Nā pōʻino o nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa

Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kukui ultraviolet ikaika o ka welding arc, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano kinoea ʻino a puni ka arc zone, ma waena o ka ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide a me hydrogen fluoride ka mea nui.

1. Loaʻa ka Ozone Oxygen i ka lewa i nā hopena photochemical ma lalo o ka hawewe ultraviolet pōkole e hoʻohua ai i ka ozone (O3). ʻO ka ʻOzone he kinoea ʻulaʻula māmā me ka ʻala ʻala. Ke kiʻekiʻe ka manaʻo, he ʻala iʻa kona; ke piʻi aʻe ka manaʻo, he ʻono iki kona ʻono i ka ʻala iʻa. ʻO kona pōʻino nui i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka hopena hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka ʻōpū hanu a me nā māmā. Ke oi aku ka nui o ka ozone i kekahi palena, hiki pinepine ia i ka ʻū, ka ʻāʻī maloʻo, ke alelo maloʻo, ka paʻa o ka umauma, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, ka luhi, ka noʻonoʻo, nausea, ʻeha nui, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻino ka ventila, hiki nō hoʻi ke kumu i ka bronchitis.

Wahi a nā ana, pili ka ozone i loko o ke kaiapuni welding i nā mea e like me nā ʻano welding, nā mea welding, nā kinoea pale, a me nā kikoʻī welding.

Wahi a nā hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo a me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kahua hana ma koʻu ʻāina, ʻo ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻokele ozone he 0.3 mg/m3.

2. Nitrogen oxides Ua hoʻokumuʻia nā'enekene Nitrogen i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ke arc, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai a hui houʻia nā molekele nitrogen a me ka oxygen i ka lewa. He mea hoʻonāukiuki nā kinoea ʻona, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ozone. Loaʻa ka hopena hoʻoulu i ka māmā o ka nitrogen oxides.

ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen oxides e like me ka ozone. I ka wā o ka wiliwili argon arc a me ka wiliwili plasma arc, inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā ana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o nā nitrogen oxides ma mua o nā kūlana olakino ma mua o ʻumi mau manawa a i ʻole mau manawa. Ua ʻōlelo ko mākou ʻāina he 5 mg/m3 ke kūlana olakino no nā nitrogen oxides (hoʻololi ʻia i = nitrogen oxide).

I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, liʻiliʻi loa ka hiki ke loaʻa nā nitrogen oxides wale nō. ʻO ka maʻamau ka ozone a me ka nitrogen oxides i ka manawa like, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka ʻona. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua kinoea ʻona i ka manawa like he 15-20 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa hoʻokahi.

3. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kalapona monoxide e ka decomposition o ke kinoea carbon dioxide ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ke arc. ʻO nā ʻano kuʻihao hāmama a pau e hoʻopuka i ke kinoea carbon monoxide, a ma waena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka carbon dioxide i pale ʻia e hoʻohua ai i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa. Wahi a nā ana, hiki i ka ʻike carbon monoxide kokoke i ka mask o ka welder ke hiki i 300 mg/m3, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ʻumi mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kūlana olakino. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o ka carbon monoxide i hana ʻia i ka wā hoʻoheheʻe plasma arc, no laila pono e uku ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i ka hana ʻana i kahi wahi ʻino.

Aia ma kahi o 1% carbon monoxide i ka uahi o ka manual arc welding, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i loko o kahi pahu paʻa me ka ventilation maikaʻi hiki ke hiki i 15 mg / m3. ʻO nā kūlana olakino o koʻu ʻāina ke ʻōlelo nei he 30 mg/m3 ka nui o ka carbon monoxide.

ʻO ka carbon monoxide kahi kinoea asphyxiating. ʻO kāna hopena ʻawaʻawa i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ke pale i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen i loko o ke kino a i ʻole ka hana o ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻiʻo o ka oxygen, e hoʻoulu ai i ka hypoxia a me nā ʻano o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka make ʻana o ka carbon monoxide he: poʻo, ʻūlū, nausea, luaʻi, nāwaliwali ākea, nāwaliwali o nā wāwae, a me ka manaʻo maule. Inā haʻalele koke ʻoe i kahi hanana a hanu i ka ea hou, e nalowale koke nā hōʻailona. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻeha ʻana o nā hōʻailona ma luna, piʻi ka pulse rate, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke neʻe, komo i kahi coma, a paʻakikī paha e nā hōʻailona e like me ka cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, myocardial pōʻino, a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. nā pilikia. ʻO ka carbon monoxide ma lalo o nā kūlana welding ka nui o nā hopena maʻamau i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hiki i ka inhalation lō'ihi ke ho'oulu i ka neurasthenia e like me ke po'o po'o, ka no'ono'o, ka 'ili ha'iha'i, nāwaliwali o nā lālā, ka poho kaumaha, a me ka 'eha'eha.