Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohālua uila like, wela, a me ke ahi e like me ka manual arc welding, argon arc welding no hoi i kiʻekiʻe-frequency electromagnetic mahina, electrode radiation, arc kukui pōʻino, kuʻihao uahi, a me nā kinoea ʻona i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka manual arc welding.ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi ka uila alapine kiʻekiʻe a me ka ozone.
1. Ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino mai nā māla electromagnetic kiʻekiʻe
1. Hoʻokumu a me ka pōʻino o nā māla electromagnetic kiʻekiʻe
I ka tungsten arc welding a me ka plasma arc welding, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā oscillators kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoulu i ka arc.Hoʻohana pū kekahi mau mīkini wiliwili AC argon arc i nā oscillators kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopaʻa i ke arc.ʻO ke alapine o ka oscillator kiʻekiʻe-frequency maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka welding he 200-500 tausani mau pōʻaiapuni, ʻo ka volta he 2500-3500 volts, ʻo ka ikaika o ka manawa kiʻekiʻe he 3-7 mA, a ʻo ka ikaika o ke kahua uila ma kahi o 140-190 volts. / mika.ʻO ka hoʻolaha lōʻihi o nā mea welders i nā māla electromagnetic kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hōʻeha i ke aʻalolo autonomic a me ka neurasthenia.ʻO nā hōʻailona e like me ka malaise maʻamau, dizziness, dreaminess, headache, pohō hoʻomanaʻo, luhi, pau ka ʻai, insomnia a me ke koko haʻahaʻa.
ʻO nā kūlana olakino e pili ana i nā māla electromagnetic kiʻekiʻe e ʻae ʻia ka ikaika o ka radiation i ʻae ʻia no 8 mau hola o ka hoʻolaha ʻana he 20 V/m.Wahi a nā ana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pā electromagnetic kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa e nā ʻāpana āpau o ka welder i ka wā o ka welding arc tungsten manual ma mua o ka maʻamau.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ikaika o ka lima ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, ma mua o ke kūlana olakino ma mua o 5 mau manawa.Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi oscillator kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka arc, e liʻiliʻi ka hopena ma muli o ka manawa pōkole, akā ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi he pōʻino nō hoʻi, a pono e lawe ʻia nā hana palekana.
2. Nā hana pale e kū'ē i nā pā electromagnetic kiʻekiʻe
⑴ No ka ho'ā ʻana i ka ʻā a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka arc ma ka wili argon arc, e ho'āʻo e hoʻohana i nā mea hana pulse transistor ma kahi o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe alapine kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole no ka hoʻāla arc wale nō.Ma hope o ka ʻā ʻana o ke arc, e ʻoki koke i ka lako mana alapine kiʻekiʻe.
⑵ E ho'ēmi i ke alapine oscillation, e hoʻololi i ka capacitor a me ka inductor parameter, a e ho'ēmi i ka oscillation frequency i 30,000 cycles e hōʻemi i ka hopena i ke kino kanaka.i
⑶ No nā uwea pale a me nā uea, e hoʻohana i nā uea palupalu keleawe maikaʻi i ulana ʻia, e hoʻokomo iā lākou a puni i waho o ka hose uwea (me nā uea i loko o ka lama wili a me ka mīkini wiliwili), a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou.i
⑷No ka mea, he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka volta o ke kaapuni oscillation kiʻekiʻe, pono e loaʻa ka insulation maikaʻi a hilinaʻi.
Loaʻa i nā lako wili Xinfa nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.No nā kikoʻī, e kipa:Welding & Oki Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
2. Kāohi ʻana i ka ʻeha Radiation
1. Nā kumu a me nā pōʻino o ka radiation
ʻO ka electrode tungsten thoriated i hoʻohana ʻia i ka welding argon arc a me ka wili plasma arc he 1-1.2% thorium oxide.ʻO Thorium kahi mea radioactive i hoʻopili ʻia e ka radiation i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana wili a i ka wā e pili ana me ke koʻokoʻo tungsten thoriated.
Hana ʻia ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka ma nā ʻano ʻelua: ʻo ka hoʻomālamalama waho waho, a ʻo ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o loko ke komo i loko o ke kino ma o nā ʻōnaehana hanu a me ka digestive.Ua hōʻoia ka nui o nā noiʻi a me nā ana i ka welding argon arc a me ka plasma arc welding i ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou mau pōʻino radioactive, no ka mea, ʻo 100-200 mg wale nō o nā lāʻau tungsten thoriated i pau i kēlā me kēia lā, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka radiation. hopena ma ke kino kanaka..Eia nō naʻe, ʻelua mau kūlana e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia: ʻo ka mua, i ka wā e wili ai i loko o ka pahu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ea, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana radioactive i ka uahi i nā kūlana olakino;ʻO ka lua, i ka wā e wili ai i nā koʻokoʻo thorium tungsten a ma kahi e loaʻa ai nā koʻokoʻo thorium tungsten, radioactive aerosols A hiki i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lepo radioactive hiki ke piʻi a i ʻole ma mua o nā kūlana olakino.ʻO ke komo ʻana o nā mea radioactive i loko o ke kino hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi radiation maʻamau, ka mea i hōʻike nui ʻia i ka nāwaliwali o ke kūlana hana maʻamau, nāwaliwali a me ka nāwaliwali, hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi infectious, ka pohō kaumaha a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.i
2. Nā hana e pale ai i ka pōʻino radiation
⑴E loaʻa i nā lāʻau tungsten Thoriated nā lako mālama kūikawā.Ke mālama ʻia i ka nui, pono e hūnā ʻia i loko o nā pahu hao a hoʻolako ʻia me nā paipu hoʻopau.
⑵ I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi uhi pani no ka wili, ʻaʻole pono e wehe ʻia ka uhi i ka wā o ka hana.I ka wā o ka hana lima, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka mahiole pale ea a i ʻole nā hana kūpono ʻē aʻe.i
⑶ Pono e hoʻomākaukau i kahi huila wili kūikawā no ka wili ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo tungsten thoriated.Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka mea wili me nā mea lawe lepo.Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpala wili ma ka ʻāina o ka mea wili e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pulu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kanu hohonu.i
⑷E hoʻohana i ka pale lepo i ka wā e wili ai i nā lāʻau tungsten thoriated.Ma hope o ka launa pū ʻana me nā lāʻau tungsten thoriated, pono ʻoe e holoi i kou mau lima me ka wai kahe a me ke kopa, a holoi pinepine i kou mau lole hana a me nā mīkina lima.i
⑸E koho i nā kikoʻī kūpono i ka wā e wili ai a ʻokiʻoki i mea e pale ai i ka puhi nui ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo tungsten thoriated.i
⑹ E ho'āʻo e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau tungsten thoriated akā e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau tungsten cerium a i ʻole nā lāʻau yttrium tungsten, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe radioactive nā mea hope ʻelua.
3. Kāohi i ka pōʻino arc light
1. ʻO nā pōʻino o ka pāhawewe arc
ʻO ka welding arc radiation ka mea nui e pili ana i ke kukui ʻike, nā kukui infrared a me nā kukui ultraviolet.Hana lākou i ke kino o ke kanaka a hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻiʻo kanaka, e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena wela, photochemical a ionization paha i nā ʻiʻo, e hōʻeha ai i nā ʻiʻo kanaka.
⑴ Nā kukuna Ultraviolet Aia ka nalu o nā kukuna ultraviolet ma waena o 0.4-0.0076 microns.ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka nalu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino olaola.Pilikia ka ʻili a me nā maka o ke kanaka i ka ʻike nui ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet.Ma lalo o ka hana o nā kukuna ultraviolet ikaika, hiki i ka ʻili ke hoʻoulu i ka dermatitis, me ka erythema e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili, me he mea lā ua ʻike ʻia i ka lā, a me nā blisters liʻiliʻi, exudate a me ka edema, me ka wela, ka ʻili, ka palupalu, a me ka pōʻeleʻele ma hope. .ʻiliʻili.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā maka i nā kukuna ultraviolet.Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka keratoconjunctivitis acute, i kapa ʻia ʻo electrophoto ophthalmia.ʻO nā hōʻailona ka ʻeha, ka manaʻo ʻeha, ka waimaka nui, ka photophobia, ka makaʻu i ka makani, a me ka ʻike maka.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻohe sequelae.i
ʻO nā kukuna ultraviolet o ka arc welding he mana ikaika e hōʻino i nā fibers, a ʻo nā lole pulupulu ka mea i hōʻino nui ʻia.Hiki i ka lole keʻokeʻo ke kū'ē i ka radiation UV ma muli o kona mau waiwai reflective ikaika.ʻO nā kukui ultraviolet i hana ʻia e ka argon arc welding he 5-10 mau manawa ma mua o ka wili lima arc, a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka pōʻino.Pono e hana ʻia nā lole hana no ka wiliwili argon arc me nā lole kūpaʻa waika e like me ka tweed a me ka siliki ʻoka.
⑵Kuhi ʻulaʻula ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ke kukuna infrared aia ma waena o 343-0.76 microns.ʻO kona pōʻino nui i ke kino o ke kanaka ka hopena wela o ke kino.Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kukuna infrared lōʻihi e ke kino o ke kanaka, me ka wela o ka poʻe;Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kukuna infra-ʻulaʻula pōkole e nā ʻiʻo, me ka wela.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke koko a me nā ʻiʻo hohonu, e hoʻoulu ai i ke ahi.I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi, e ʻike ʻia kou mau maka i ka radiation infrared ikaika, a e ʻike koke ʻoe i ke ahi ikaika a me ka ʻeha wela, a hiki mai nā hallucinations uila.ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka infrared cataracts, nalo ka ʻike, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ka makapō.Hiki iā ia ke hana i ke kuni retinal.
⑶Malamalama ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kukui ʻike ʻia o ka arc welding ma mua o 10,000 mau manawa ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka māmā e hiki ai i ka maka ʻōlohelohe ke hoʻomanawanui.Ke ʻike ʻia i ka radiation, e ʻeha paha nā maka a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike pono no kekahi manawa.Kapa ʻia ka arc he "dazzling", a nalowale ka hiki ke hana i ka manawa pōkole, akā hiki ke hoʻihoʻi koke ʻia.i
2. Pale i ke kukui arc wiliwili
I mea e pale aku ai i nā maka mai ka pōʻino o ka arc light, pono nā welders e hoʻokomo i kahi mask me kahi kānana kūikawā i ka wā e wili ai.Hana ʻia ka mask me ka pahu kila ʻeleʻele, he ʻano maikaʻi ke ʻano, māmā, pale ʻole i ka wela, ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe i ke kukui.ʻO ka lens kānana i kau ʻia ma luna o ka mask, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ke aniani ʻeleʻele, hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he lens kānana absorption.Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia kona koho ʻeleʻele e like me ka ikaika o ke au welding.Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻike a ka welder a me ka ʻōlinolino o ke kaiapuni welding.He ʻike maka maikaʻi nā ʻōpio welder a pono e hoʻohana i nā lens kānana me nā kala nui a ʻeleʻele.I ka wā e wili ai i ka pō a i ʻole kahi pōʻeleʻele, pono e koho ʻia nā lens ʻeleʻele.
Aia kekahi ʻano lens pale hoʻomanaʻo e hiki ke hōʻike i ke kukui arc ikaika, hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ikaika o ke kukui arc e hōʻino i nā maka, a maikaʻi ke pale aku i nā maka.Aia kekahi lens photoelectric e hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kukui.Loaʻa iā ia ka māliko maikaʻi ke ʻā ʻole ʻia ke arc a hiki ke ʻike pono i ka ʻike ma waho o ke aniani.Ke hoʻā ʻia ke arc, e hohonu koke ka ʻeleʻele o nā maka aniani a hiki ke pale maikaʻi i ka mālamalama.Hoʻopau kēia i ka pono e hāpai i ka mask a i ʻole e hoʻohuli i nā maka pale i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i nā koʻokoʻo wili.
I mea e pale ai i ka ʻili o ka welder mai ka pōʻino arc, pono e hana ʻia ka lole pale o ka welder me ke kāwele māmā a keʻokeʻo paha e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike o ke kukui arc.Pono nā ʻeke o nā lole hana i ʻeleʻele.I ka wā e hana ai, pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā puʻupuʻu, e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mīkina lima ma waho o nā puʻupuʻu, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kola, ʻaʻole e hoʻemi ʻia nā wāwae o ka ʻili, ʻaʻole pono e ʻike ʻia ka ʻili.
I mea e pale aku ai i nā limahana kōkua a me nā limahana ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana i ke kahua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka ʻeha ʻia e ke kukui arc, pono lākou e hui pū kekahi me kekahi, e aloha aku ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ahi, a pono nā limahana kōkua e komo i nā aniani kala.I ka wā e wili ai i kahi kūlana paʻa, pono e hoʻohana ʻia kahi pale pale kukui.
Nā pōʻino o nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa
Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kukui ultraviolet ikaika o ka welding arc, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano kinoea ʻino a puni ka arc zone, ma waena o ka ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide a me hydrogen fluoride ka mea nui.
1. Loaʻa ka Ozone Oxygen i ka lewa i nā hopena photochemical ma lalo o ka hawewe ultraviolet pōkole e hoʻohua ai i ka ozone (O3).ʻO ka Ozone he kinoea ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me ka ʻala ʻala.Ke kiʻekiʻe ka manaʻo, he ʻala iʻa kona;ke piʻi aʻe ka manaʻo, he ʻono ʻawaʻawa iki i ka ʻala iʻa.ʻO kona pōʻino nui i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka hopena hoʻoulu ikaika i ka ʻōpū hanu a me nā māmā.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ozone ma mua o kahi palena, hoʻoulu pinepine ia i ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī maloʻo, ke alelo maloʻo, ka paʻa ʻana o ka umauma, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, ka luhi, ka noʻonoʻo, nausea, ka ʻeha nui, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. maikaʻi ʻole ka ventila, hiki nō ke kumu i ka bronchitis.
Wahi a nā ana, pili ka ozone i loko o ke kaiapuni welding i nā mea e like me nā ʻano welding, nā mea welding, nā kinoea pale, a me nā kikoʻī welding.
Wahi a nā hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo a me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kahua hana ma koʻu ʻāina, ʻo ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻokele ozone he 0.3 mg/m3.
2. Nitrogen oxides Ua hoʻokumuʻia nā'enekene Nitrogen i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ke arc, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai a hui houʻia nā molekele nitrogen a me ka oxygen i ka lewa.He mea hoʻonāukiuki nā kinoea ʻona, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ozone.Loaʻa ka hopena hoʻoulu i ka māmā o ka nitrogen oxides.
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen oxides e like me ka ozone.I ka wā o ka wiliwili argon arc a me ka wiliwili plasma arc, inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā ana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o nā nitrogen oxides ma mua o nā kūlana olakino ma mua o ʻumi mau manawa a i ʻole mau manawa.Ua ʻōlelo ko mākou ʻāina he 5 mg/m3 ke kūlana olakino no nā nitrogen oxides (hoʻololi ʻia i = nitrogen oxide).
I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, liʻiliʻi loa ka hiki ke loaʻa nā nitrogen oxides wale nō.ʻO ka maʻamau ka ozone a me ka nitrogen oxides i ka manawa like, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka ʻona.Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua kinoea ʻona i ka manawa like he 15-20 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa hoʻokahi.
3. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kalapona monoxide e ka decomposition o ke kinoea carbon dioxide ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ke arc.ʻO nā ʻano kuʻihao hāmama a pau e hoʻopuka i ke kinoea carbon monoxide, a ma waena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka carbon dioxide i pale ʻia e hoʻohua ai i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa.Wahi a nā ana, hiki i ka ʻike carbon monoxide kokoke i ka mask o ka welder ke hiki i 300 mg/m3, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ʻumi mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kūlana olakino.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o ka carbon monoxide i hana ʻia i ka wā hoʻoheheʻe plasma arc, no laila pono e uku ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i ka hana ʻana i kahi wahi ʻino.
Aia ma kahi o 1% carbon monoxide i ka uahi o ka manual arc welding, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i loko o kahi pahu paʻa me ka ventilation maikaʻi hiki ke hiki i 15 mg / m3.ʻO nā kūlana olakino o koʻu ʻāina ke ʻōlelo nei he 30 mg/m3 ka nui o ka carbon monoxide.
ʻO ka carbon monoxide kahi kinoea asphyxiating.ʻO kāna hopena ʻawaʻawa i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ke pale i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen i loko o ke kino a i ʻole ka hana o ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻiʻo o ka oxygen, e hoʻoulu ai i ka hypoxia a me nā ʻano o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia.ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka make ʻana o ka carbon monoxide he: poʻo, ʻūlū, nausea, luaʻi, nāwaliwali ākea, nāwaliwali o nā wāwae, a me ka manaʻo maule.Inā haʻalele koke ʻoe i kahi hanana a hanu i ka ea hou, e nalowale koke nā hōʻailona.I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻeha ʻana o nā hōʻailona ma luna, piʻi ka pulse rate, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke neʻe, komo i kahi coma, a paʻakikī paha e nā hōʻailona e like me ka cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, myocardial pōʻino, a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. nā pilikia.ʻO ka carbon monoxide ma lalo o nā kūlana welding ka nui o nā hopena maʻamau i ke kino o ke kanaka.Hiki i ka inhalation lō'ihi ke ho'oulu i ka neurasthenia e like me ke po'o po'o, ka no'ono'o, ka 'ili haikea, nāwaliwali o nā lālā, ka poho kaumaha, a me ka 'eha'eha.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-22-2024
